Judgment collection
Collect a judgment you've already won.
A judgment is a right to be paid, not a payment. If the debtor hasn't paid, a judgment collection attorney or agency can locate assets and use your state's enforcement tools.
Common judgment-enforcement tools
- Debtor examination / discovery: a court-ordered process requiring the debtor to disclose assets, income and accounts
- Bank levy or garnishment: seizing funds held in the debtor's bank accounts
- Wage garnishment: a portion of an individual debtor's wages, within federal and state limits (some states restrict it heavily)
- Judgment liens: liens on real property, and in some states on personal property
- Till taps, keeper levies or receivership: for business debtors with cash flow, where state law allows
Exemptions protect certain assets, such as some wages, retirement funds and homestead equity, and they vary a great deal by state.
How long does a judgment last?
Judgments generally remain enforceable for many years and can often be renewed, but the period and renewal rules depend on the state. Interest often accrues on unpaid judgments at a statutory rate. Check your state's rules early. See our state pages.
Out-of-state judgments
If the debtor or its assets are in another state, the judgment usually has to be domesticated there (for example under that state's version of the Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act) before it can be enforced. A local attorney typically handles this.
Attorney or agency?
Court enforcement steps generally require an attorney or a party acting for itself. Some agencies and judgment-recovery firms work alongside attorneys, and some take assignments of judgments, which is a different arrangement with different economics. We'll help you understand the options. See also debt collection attorneys.
Not legal advice. This page is general information, not legal advice, and laws vary by state and change over time. CollectionPlacement is a referral service, not a law firm or collection agency. Consult a licensed attorney about your situation.
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Frequently asked questions
How do I collect a judgment if the debtor won't pay?
Common tools include debtor examinations, bank levies, wage garnishment and liens on property. The procedures and exemptions depend on the state where the debtor or its assets are located.
How long is a judgment valid?
It varies by state. Many judgments remain enforceable for a decade or more and can be renewed. Confirm the rules in the relevant state.
Can I collect a judgment in another state?
Usually yes, after domesticating (registering) it in that state, typically through a local attorney.
What does a judgment collection attorney charge?
Many work on contingency for enforcement, sometimes with costs advanced by the creditor. Terms vary by firm and case.
What if the debtor has no assets?
Some judgments are uncollectible for a time. Because judgments often last years and can accrue interest, periodic asset checks can still be worthwhile.
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Tell us about your receivables. We'll review and introduce you to vetted agencies or collection attorneys suited to your debt type, size and state.